{"id":418,"date":"2026-03-24T23:00:12","date_gmt":"2026-03-24T15:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qzdd.net\/?p=418"},"modified":"2026-03-24T23:00:12","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T15:00:12","slug":"python%e5%86%85%e5%ad%98%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86%e6%9c%ba%e5%88%b6%e4%b8%8e%e5%9e%83%e5%9c%be%e5%9b%9e%e6%94%b6%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qzdd.net\/?p=418","title":{"rendered":"Python\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u8be6\u89e3"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u4e00\u3001\u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n<p>Python\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u9ad8\u7ea7\u52a8\u6001\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u8fd9\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u5f00\u53d1\u96be\u5ea6\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u4f46\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3Python\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236\u548c\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5199\u51fa\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u66f4\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb2\u89e3Python\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236\u3001\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u7b97\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4f18\u5316\u6280\u5de7\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e8c\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9<\/h2>\n<h3>1. \u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u57fa\u7840<\/h3>\n<p>Python\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u5c42\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5c421\uff1a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>\uff1aPython\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7533\u8bf7\u5927\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u8fd0\u884c<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5c422\uff1aPython\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\uff08pymalloc\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ba1\u7406\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u5927\u5757\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c0f\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5206\u914d\u548c\u56de\u6536\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u5f00\u9500<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5c423\uff1a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e13\u7528\u5206\u914d\u5668<\/strong>\uff1a\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u5982int\u3001list\u3001dict\u7b49\uff09\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u7b56\u7565<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Python\u4e2d\u4e00\u5207\u7686\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u5219\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6808\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u6301\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2. \u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u673a\u5236<\/h3>\n<p>\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u662fPython\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5185\u90e8\u90fd\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\uff0c\u5f53\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u53d8\u4e3a0\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u56de\u6536\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">\nimport sys\na = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(sys.getrefcount(a)) # \u8f93\u51fa2\uff1a\u53d8\u91cfa\u5f15\u7528\u4e00\u6b21\uff0cgetrefcount\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u5f15\u7528\u4e00\u6b21\nb = a\nprint(sys.getrefcount(a)) # \u8f93\u51fa3\uff1a\u53d8\u91cfb\u4e5f\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\ndel b\nprint(sys.getrefcount(a)) # \u8f93\u51fa2\uff1a\u5220\u9664b\u540e\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u51cf1\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff1a<br \/>\n&#8211; \u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\uff1aa = [1,2,3]<br \/>\n&#8211; \u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\uff1ab = a<br \/>\n&#8211; \u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u5165\u51fd\u6570\uff1afunc(a)<br \/>\n&#8211; \u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5143\u7d20\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\uff1alist = [a, 1, 2]\n<\/p>\n<p>\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u51cf\u5c11\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff1a<br \/>\n&#8211; \u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u522b\u540d\u88ab\u663e\u5f0f\u5220\u9664\uff1adel a<br \/>\n&#8211; \u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u522b\u540d\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u65b0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1aa = None<br \/>\n&#8211; \u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u79bb\u5f00\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1\uff09<br \/>\n&#8211; \u5bf9\u8c61\u6240\u5728\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ece\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u5bf9\u8c61\n<\/p>\n<h3>3. \u6807\u8bb0-\u6e05\u9664\u7b97\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<p>\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">\na = {}\nb = {}\na['b'] = b\nb['a'] = a\ndel a\ndel b\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6b64\u65f6a\u548cb\u4e92\u76f8\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u90fd\u4e3a1\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5916\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u673a\u5236\u65e0\u6cd5\u56de\u6536\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u6807\u8bb0-\u6e05\u9664\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6807\u8bb0-\u6e05\u9664\u7b97\u6cd5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a<br \/>\n1. <strong>\u6807\u8bb0\u9636\u6bb5<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ece\u6839\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u8c03\u7528\u6808\u3001\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7b49\uff09\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u8fbe\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bf9\u8c61<br \/>\n2. <strong>\u6e05\u9664\u9636\u6bb5<\/strong>\uff1a\u904d\u5386\u5806\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u672a\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4f1a\u88ab\u56de\u6536\n<\/p>\n<h3>4. \u5206\u4ee3\u56de\u6536\u7b97\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<p>\u5206\u4ee3\u56de\u6536\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u201c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u90fd\u5f88\u77ed\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f1a\u5b58\u6d3b\u5f88\u4e45\u201d\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5c06\u5bf9\u8c61\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4ee3\uff1a<br \/>\n&#8211; \u7b2c0\u4ee3\uff1a\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u9891\u7387\u6700\u9ad8<br \/>\n&#8211; \u7b2c1\u4ee3\uff1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u6b210\u4ee3\u56de\u6536\u540e\u5b58\u6d3b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u56de\u6536\u9891\u7387\u4e2d\u7b49<br \/>\n&#8211; \u7b2c2\u4ee3\uff1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u6b211\u4ee3\u56de\u6536\u540e\u5b58\u6d3b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u56de\u6536\u9891\u7387\u6700\u4f4e\n<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u67d0\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u91cf\u8fbe\u5230\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u8be5\u4ee3\u7684\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u626b\u63cf\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e09\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u5185\u5b58\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316\u6280\u5de7<\/h2>\n<h3>1. \u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u539f\u56e0<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e92\u76f8\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4e14\u90fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86__del__\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6807\u8bb0-\u6e05\u9664\u7b97\u6cd5\u65e0\u6cd5\u56de\u6536<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u6301\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u5f15\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u957f\uff0c\u6301\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u56de\u6536<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7f13\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u5f53<\/strong>\uff1a\u65e0\u9650\u589e\u957f\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528LRU\u7f13\u5b58\u9650\u5236\u5927\u5c0f<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u95ed\u5305\u548c\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u610f\u5916\u6301\u6709\u5f15\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a\u95ed\u5305\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u65e0\u6cd5\u56de\u6536<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. \u5185\u5b58\u4f18\u5316\u6280\u5de7<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5c3d\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u56de\u6536\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u5feb<\/li>\n<li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u751f\u6210\u5668\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u52a0\u8f7d\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5230\u5185\u5b58<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528__slots__\u51cf\u5c11\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u5927\u91cf\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u7c7b\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6548\uff1a\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">\nclass User:\n    __slots__ = ('name', 'age') # \u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa__dict__\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u51cf\u5c1140%\u4ee5\u4e0a\n    def __init__(self, name, age):\n        self.name = name\n        self.age = age\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u624b\u52a8del\u89e3\u9664\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u5668\u5c3d\u65e9\u56de\u6536<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9a\u671f\u4f7f\u7528memory_profiler\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u68c0\u6d4b\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u56db\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n<p>Python\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u4e07\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u5e95\u5c42\u539f\u7406\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5199\u51fa\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5185\u5b58\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u9700\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5b9a\u671f\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u5b58\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u4e3a\u539f\u521b\u6280\u672f\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e 2026-03-24\uff0c\u5982\u9700\u8f6c\u8f7d\u8bf7\u6ce8\u660e\u51fa\u5904\uff1ahttps:\/\/qzdd.net<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e00\u3001\u6982\u8ff0 Python\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u9ad8\u7ea7\u52a8\u6001\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u8fd9\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[3,4,5],"class_list":["post-418","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-python","tag-python","tag-4","tag-5"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qzdd.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/418","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qzdd.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qzdd.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qzdd.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qzdd.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=418"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.qzdd.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/418\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":419,"href":"https:\/\/www.qzdd.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/418\/revisions\/419"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qzdd.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=418"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qzdd.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=418"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qzdd.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=418"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}