{"id":422,"date":"2026-03-24T23:01:12","date_gmt":"2026-03-24T15:01:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qzdd.net\/?p=422"},"modified":"2026-03-24T23:01:12","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T15:01:12","slug":"python%e7%b1%bb%e5%9e%8b%e6%8f%90%e7%a4%ba%e7%9a%84%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e4%b8%8e%e6%9c%80%e4%bd%b3%e5%ae%9e%e8%b7%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qzdd.net\/?p=422","title":{"rendered":"Python\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e00\u3001\u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n

Python\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u524d\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u63d0\u9ad8\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5927\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u5dee\u3001\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73b0\u7c7b\u578b\u76f8\u5173\u7684bug\u3001IDE\u667a\u80fd\u63d0\u793a\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u7b49\u3002Python 3.5\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\uff08Type Hints\uff09\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u6dfb\u52a0\u7c7b\u578b\u6807\u6ce8\uff0c\u65e2\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u52a8\u6001\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u9759\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u597d\u5904\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb2\u89e3Python\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9<\/h2>\n

1. \u57fa\u7840\u7528\u6cd5<\/h3>\n

\uff081\uff09\u53d8\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a<\/h4>\n
\n# \u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\nname: str = \"\u5f20\u4e09\"\nage: int = 25\nheight: float = 1.75\nis_student: bool = True\n\n# \u5bb9\u5668\u7c7b\u578b\uff08Python 3.9+\u652f\u6301\u5185\u7f6e\u5bb9\u5668\u76f4\u63a5\u6807\u6ce8\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\u7248\u672c\u9700\u8981\u4ecetyping\u5bfc\u5165List\/Dict\u7b49\uff09\nscores: list[int] = [90, 85, 95]\nuser_info: dict[str, str | int] = {\"name\": \"\u5f20\u4e09\", \"age\": 25}\naddresses: tuple[str, str, int] = (\"\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\", \"\u671d\u9633\u533a\", 100000)\nids: set[int] = {1, 2, 3}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\uff082\uff09\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a<\/h4>\n
\ndef add(a: int, b: int) -> int:\n    '''\u4e24\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u76f8\u52a0\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u6574\u6570\u7ed3\u679c'''\n    return a + b\n\n# \u65e0\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6807\u6ce8\u4e3a-> None\ndef print_hello(name: str) -> None:\n    print(f\"Hello {name}\")\n\n# \u53ef\u9009\u53c2\u6570\ndef greet(name: str | None = None) -> str:\n    if name is None:\n        name = \"Guest\"\n    return f\"Hello {name}\"\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
2. \u5e38\u7528\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n
\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ecetyping\u6a21\u5757\uff08Python 3.9+\u5f88\u591a\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\u5bfc\u5165\uff1a
\n– Union[A, B]<\/code>\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u662fA\u6216\u8005B\uff0cPython 3.10+\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528A | B<\/code>\u7b80\u5199
\n– Optional[A]<\/code>\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u662fA\u6216\u8005None\uff0c\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8eUnion[A, None]<\/code>\uff0cPython 3.10+\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528A | None<\/code>
\n– Any<\/code>\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u4efb\u610f\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u5c11\u7528\uff0c\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u610f\u4e49
\n– Callable[[\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u5217\u8868], \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7c7b\u578b]<\/code>\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u8c03\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u51fd\u6570\u3001lambda\u7b49\uff09
\n– Sequence[T]<\/code>\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u5e8f\u5217\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u5217\u8868\u3001\u5143\u7ec4\u7b49\u53ef\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u5bb9\u5668\uff09
\n– Iterable[T]<\/code>\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u8fed\u4ee3\u7c7b\u578b
\n– Literal[\u503c1, \u503c2]<\/code>\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u53d6\u503c\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u503c\u4e4b\u4e00
\n– TypeVar<\/code>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u6cdb\u578b\u7c7b\u578b
\n– Generic<\/code>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u6cdb\u578b\u7c7b\n<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/h4>\n
\nfrom typing import Callable, Sequence, Literal, TypeVar, Generic\n\n# \u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\ndef apply_func(func: Callable[[int, int], int], a: int, b: int) -> int:\n    return func(a, b)\n\n# \u5e8f\u5217\u7c7b\u578b\ndef sum_numbers(numbers: Sequence[int]) -> int:\n    return sum(numbers)\n\n# \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\ndef set_status(status: Literal[\"success\", \"error\", \"pending\"]) -> None:\n    print(f\"\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\uff1a{status}\")\n\n# \u6cdb\u578b\nT = TypeVar('T')\nclass Stack(Generic[T]):\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.items: list[T] = []\n    \n    def push(self, item: T) -> None:\n        self.items.append(item)\n    \n    def pop(self) -> T:\n        return self.items.pop()\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
3. \u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5de5\u5177<\/h3>\n
Python\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u62a5\u9519\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u9759\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5de5\u5177\uff1a
\n– mypy<\/code>\uff1a\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684Python\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5668
\n– pyright<\/code>\uff1a\u5fae\u8f6f\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5668\uff0c\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u5feb\uff0cVS Code\u7684Pylance\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e95\u5c42\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u7684pyright
\n– IDE\u5185\u7f6e\u68c0\u67e5\uff1aPyCharm\u3001VS Code\u7b49IDE\u4f1a\u5b9e\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u63d0\u793a\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884cmypy\u68c0\u67e5\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n# \u5b89\u88c5mypy\npip install mypy\n\n# \u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\nmypy your_script.py\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. \u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528Python 3.10+\u7684\u65b0\u8bed\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528|<\/code>\u4ee3\u66ffUnion\uff0c\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u5bb9\u5668\u7c7b\u578b\uff08list\/dict\/tuple\uff09\u4ee3\u66fftyping.List\/Dict\/Tuple\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. \u4e0d\u8981\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528Any<\/strong>\uff1aAny\u7c7b\u578b\u4f1a\u5173\u95ed\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u5c11\u7528\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u771f\u7684\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u5982\u679c\u786e\u5b9e\u9700\u8981\u7528Any\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u52a0\u4e0a\u6ce8\u91ca\u8bf4\u660e\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/li>\n
  3. \u4e3a\u516c\u5171API\u6dfb\u52a0\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bf9\u5916\u66b4\u9732\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u5fc5\u987b\u6dfb\u52a0\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7406\u89e3\u63a5\u53e3\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5185\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u60c5\u51b5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u6dfb\u52a0\u3002<\/li>\n
  4. \u590d\u6742\u7c7b\u578b\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u522b\u540d<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b\u522b\u540d\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\uff1a\n
    \n# \u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\ndef process_users(users: list[dict[str, str | int | list[str]]]) -> None:\n    pass\n\n# \u597d\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\nUser = dict[str, str | int | list[str]]\ndef process_users(users: list[User]) -> None:\n    pass\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n
  5. \u7ed3\u5408\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u4f7f\u7528\u6548\u679c\u66f4\u4f73<\/strong>\uff1a\u548cdataclasses\u6216\u8005pydantic\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u4f1a\u66f4\u660e\u663e\uff1a\n
    \nfrom dataclasses import dataclass\n\n@dataclass\nclass User:\n    name: str\n    age: int\n    email: str | None = None\n\nuser = User(name=\"\u5f20\u4e09\", age=25)\n# IDE\u4f1a\u6b63\u786e\u63d0\u793aUser\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u4f1a\u63d0\u524d\u53d1\u73b0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n
  6. \u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u660e\u786e\u63a8\u65ad\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u590d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982name = \"\u5f20\u4e09\"<\/code>\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u662fstr\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5199\u6210name: str = \"\u5f20\u4e09\"<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n
  7. \u6e10\u8fdb\u5f0f\u6dfb\u52a0\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a<\/strong>\uff1a\u8001\u9879\u76ee\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5168\u90e8\u52a0\u4e0a\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9010\u6b65\u6dfb\u52a0\uff0c\u5148\u7ed9\u6838\u5fc3\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u516c\u5171API\u6dfb\u52a0\uff0c\u518d\u6162\u6162\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u56db\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n
    \u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3Python\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5fc5\u5907\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u7c7b\u578b\u76f8\u5173\u7684bug\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u4e86\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\u800c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u590d\u6742\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5e73\u8861\u597d\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u53d1\u6325\u51fa\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u672c\u6587\u4e3a\u539f\u521b\u6280\u672f\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e 2026-03-24\uff0c\u5982\u9700\u8f6c\u8f7d\u8bf7\u6ce8\u660e\u51fa\u5904\uff1ahttps:\/\/qzdd.net<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    \u4e00\u3001\u6982\u8ff0 Python\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u524d\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u63d0\u9ad8\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5927\u578b […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[3,4,5],"class_list":["post-422","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-python","tag-python","tag-4","tag-5"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qzdd.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/422","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qzdd.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qzdd.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qzdd.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qzdd.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=422"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.qzdd.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/422\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":423,"href":"https:\/\/www.qzdd.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/422\/revisions\/423"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.qzdd.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=422"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qzdd.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=422"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.qzdd.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=422"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}